The discussion of the impact of the cut-off voltage for NMC cathodes provides a new dimension to further improve the comprehensiveness of battery material safety database and a new viewpoint on the trade-off between cathode energy density and safety. The upper cut-off voltages for LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 cannot be. Numerical simulation based on a lumped thermal model is also performed to predict the real thermal behaviors of batteries using different cathodes. The LiMO2 type cathode materials deliver practical capacities in the range of 140-220 mAh g-1. NMC-111, NMC-442 and NMC-532 are currently the-state-of-the-art cathode materials for LIBs. It is found that cathode with lower nickel content (LiNi 0.5Mn 0.3Co 0.2O 2 and LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2Co 0.2O 2) charging to high voltage exhibits better thermal stability compared to high nickel cathode (LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2) at a conventional voltage. The three active components of nickel, manganese and cobalt can easily be blended to suit a wide range of applications for automotive and energy storage systems (EES) that need frequent cycling. ![]() Different characteristic temperatures are proposed to describe the cathode safety comprehensively and a relationship between energy density and thermal stability is established. Three kinds of LiNi xMn 圜o zO 2 cathodes with different nickel contents are charged to different cut-off voltages from 4.2 to 4.6 V (vs Li +/Li) to obtain different energy densities, and their safety is evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry. In this article, systematic comparison of the safety performance of LiNi xMn 圜o zO 2 is made to find a balance among nickel content, energy density, and thermal stability.
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